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href="https://algolia.com/?utm_source=symfony&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=symfony_documentation">Algolia</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="doc-sidebar-menu"> <div class="ui-prose"> <div class="toctree-wrapper toctree-programmatic toctree-size-md"> <p class="toctree-title">目录</p> <ul class="toctree toctree-level-1 toctree-length-2"> <li><a href="#preloading-assets">预加载的资产</a> <ul class="toctree toctree-level-2 toctree-length-1"> <li><a href="#how-does-it-work">它是如何工作的?</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="#resource-hints">资源提示</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </aside> <div class="content"> <div class="doc-content"> <main class="doc-content-contents"> <section class="ui-prose "> <article class="prose"> <h1 class="prose-title">资产预加载和资源提示与HTTP/2和WebLink</h1> <a class="doc-action content-edit" href="https://github.com/symfony/symfony-docs/edit/5.1/web_link.rst"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewbox="0 0 24 24" height="18" stroke="currentColor"> <path 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class="notranslate">链接</code>头文件用于<a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7540" class="reference external" rel="external noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">HTTP/2服务器推送</a>和W3C的<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/resource-hints/" class="reference external" rel="external noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">资源提示</a>将资源(例如CSS和JavaScript文件)推送给客户，甚至在客户知道他们需要这些资源之前。WebLink还支持与HTTP 1.x一起工作的其他优化:</p> <ul> <li>要求浏览器在后台获取或渲染另一个网页;</li> <li>进行早期DNS查询，TCP握手或TLS协商。</li> </ul> <p>需要考虑的重要一点是，所有这些HTTP/2特性都需要一个安全的HTTPS连接，即使是在本地机器上工作。主要的web服务器(Apache, nginx, Caddy等)支持这一点，但你也可以使用<a href="https://github.com/dunglas/symfony-docker" class="reference external" rel="external noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Symfony的Docker安装程序和运行时ob娱乐下载</a>由Symfony社区的Kévin Dunglas创建。欧宝体育平台怎么样ob娱乐下载</p> <div class="section"> <h2 id="preloading-assets"><a class="headerlink" href="#preloading-assets" title="预加载的资产＂>预加载的资产</a></h2> <p>假设你的应用程序包含一个这样的网页:</p> <div translate="no" data-loc="13" class="notranslate codeblock codeblock-length-md codeblock-html"> <div class="codeblock-scroll"> <pre class="codeblock-lines">12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13</pre> <pre class="codeblock-code"><code><span class="hljs-meta"><！文档类型<span class="hljs-meta-keyword">超文本标记语言</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">超文本标记语言</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">头</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">元</span><span class="hljs-attr">字符集</span>＝<span class="hljs-string">“utf - 8”</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">标题</span>></span>我的应用程序<span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">标题</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">链接</span><span class="hljs-attr">rel</span>＝<span class="hljs-string">“样式表”</span><span class="hljs-attr">href</span>＝<span class="hljs-string">“/ app.css”</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">头</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">身体</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">主要</span><span class="hljs-attr">角色</span>＝<span class="hljs-string">“主要”</span><span class="hljs-attr">类</span>＝<span class="hljs-string">“容器”</span>></span><span class="hljs-comment"><！——……--></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">主要</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">身体</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">超文本标记语言</span>></span></code></pre> </div> </div> <p>按照传统的HTTP工作流程，当提供此页面时，浏览器将对HTML页面发出一个请求，并对链接的CSS文件发出另一个请求。然而，多亏了HTTP/2，你的应用程序甚至可以在浏览器请求之前就开始发送CSS文件内容。</p> <p>要做到这一点，首先安装WebLink组件:</p> <div translate="no" data-loc="1" class="notranslate codeblock codeblock-length-sm codeblock-terminal codeblock-bash"> <div class="codeblock-scroll"> <pre class="codeblock-lines">1</pre> <pre class="codeblock-code"><code><span class="hljs-prompt">＄</span>作曲家需要symfony/web-ob娱乐下载link</code></pre> </div> </div> <p>现在，更新模板以使用<code translate="no" class="notranslate">预加载()</code>WebLink提供的树枝功能。的<a href="https://w3c.github.io/preload/" class="reference external" rel="external noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">“作为”属性</a>是强制性的，因为浏览器需要它来应用正确的优先级和内容安全策略:</p> <div translate="no" data-loc="4" class="notranslate codeblock codeblock-length-sm codeblock-html+twig codeblock-twig"> <div class="codeblock-scroll"> <pre class="codeblock-lines">1 2 3 4</pre> <pre class="codeblock-code"><code><span class="xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">头</span>></span><span class="hljs-comment"><！——……--></span><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">链接</span><span class="hljs-attr">rel</span>＝<span class="hljs-string">“样式表”</span><span class="hljs-attr">href</span>＝<span class="hljs-string">＂</span></span></span><span class="hljs-template-variable">{{preload('/app.css'， {as: 'style'})}}</span><span class="xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-string">＂</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">头</span>></span></span></code></pre> </div> </div> <p>如果重新加载页面，性能会得到改善，因为当浏览器只请求HTML页面时，服务器会同时响应HTML页面和CSS文件。</p> <div class="admonition admonition-note "> <p class="admonition-title"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" width="24" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"> <path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M11 5H6a2 2 0 00-2 2v11a2 2 0 002 2h11a2 2 0 002-2v-5m-1.414-9.414a2 2 0 112.828 2.828L11.828 15H9v-2.828l8.586-8.586z"></path> </svg><span>请注意</span></p> <p>属性包装资产，可以预加载资产<code translate="no" class="notranslate">预加载()</code>功能:</p> <div translate="no" data-loc="4" class="notranslate codeblock codeblock-length-sm codeblock-html+twig codeblock-twig"> <div class="codeblock-scroll"> <pre class="codeblock-lines">1 2 3 4</pre> <pre class="codeblock-code"><code><span class="xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">头</span>></span><span class="hljs-comment"><！——……--></span><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">链接</span><span class="hljs-attr">rel</span>＝<span class="hljs-string">“样式表”</span><span class="hljs-attr">href</span>＝<span class="hljs-string">＂</span></span></span><span class="hljs-template-variable">{{preload(asset('build/app.css'))}}</span><span class="xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-string">＂</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">头</span>></span></span></code></pre> </div> </div> </div> <p>此外，根据<a href="https://wicg.github.io/priority-hints/" class="reference external" rel="external noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">优先级提示规范</a>，可以指示要下载的资源优先级<code translate="no" class="notranslate">重要性</code>属性:</p> <div translate="no" data-loc="4" class="notranslate codeblock codeblock-length-sm codeblock-html+twig codeblock-twig"> <div class="codeblock-scroll"> <pre class="codeblock-lines">1 2 3 4</pre> <pre class="codeblock-code"><code><span class="xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">头</span>></span><span class="hljs-comment"><！——……--></span><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">链接</span><span class="hljs-attr">rel</span>＝<span class="hljs-string">“样式表”</span><span class="hljs-attr">href</span>＝<span class="hljs-string">＂</span></span></span><span class="hljs-template-variable">{{预加载(/ app.css,{:“风格”,重要性:'低'})}}</span><span class="xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-string">＂</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">头</span>></span></span></code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="section"> <h3 id="how-does-it-work"><a class="headerlink" href="#how-does-it-work" title="它是如何工作的?＂>它是如何工作的?</a></h3> <p>WebLink组件管理<code translate="no" class="notranslate">链接</code>向响应中添加HTTP报头。当使用<code translate="no" class="notranslate">预加载()</code>函数中，下面的头被添加到响应中:<code translate="no" class="notranslate">链接< / app.css >;rel = "预加载”;=“风格”</code>根据<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/preload/" class="reference external" rel="external noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">预加载规范</a>当HTTP/2服务器检测到原始(HTTP 1.x)响应包含此HTTP头时，它将自动触发同一HTTP/2连接中相关文件的推送。</p> <p>流行的代理服务和cdn包括<a href="https://blog.cloudflare.com/announcing-support-for-http-2-server-push-2/" class="reference external" rel="external noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">ob直播appCloudflare</a>，<a href="https://docs.fastly.com/en/guides/http2-server-push" class="reference external" rel="external noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">急剧</a>而且<a href="https://blogs.akamai.com/2017/03/http2-server-push-the-what-how-and-why.html" class="reference external" rel="external noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Akamai</a>还要利用这个特性。这意味着您可以立即将资源推给客户端，并提高生产应用程序的性能。</p> <p>如果希望阻止推送，但让浏览器通过早期发出单独的HTTP请求来预加载资源，请使用<code translate="no" class="notranslate">nopush</code>选择:</p> <div translate="no" data-loc="4" class="notranslate codeblock codeblock-length-sm codeblock-html+twig codeblock-twig"> <div class="codeblock-scroll"> <pre class="codeblock-lines">1 2 3 4</pre> <pre class="codeblock-code"><code><span class="xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">头</span>></span><span class="hljs-comment"><！——……--></span><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">链接</span><span class="hljs-attr">rel</span>＝<span class="hljs-string">“样式表”</span><span class="hljs-attr">href</span>＝<span class="hljs-string">＂</span></span></span><span class="hljs-template-variable">{{预加载(/ app.css,{:“风格”,nopush:真正})}}</span><span class="xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-string">＂</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">头</span>></span></span></code></pre> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="section"> <h2 id="resource-hints"><a class="headerlink" href="#resource-hints" title="资源提示＂>资源提示</a></h2> <p><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/resource-hints/" class="reference external" rel="external noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">资源提示</a>应用程序使用它来帮助浏览器决定应该首先下载、预处理或连接哪些资源。</p> <p>WebLink组件提供了以下Twig函数来发送这些提示:</p> <ul> <li><code translate="no" class="notranslate">dns_prefetch ()</code>: "表示一个来源(例如:<code translate="no" class="notranslate">https://foo.ob直播appcloudfront.net</code>)，将用于获取所需的资源，并且用户代理应该尽早解决”。</li> <li><code translate="no" class="notranslate">preconnect ()</code>: "表示一个来源(例如:<code translate="no" class="notranslate">https://www.pdashmedia.com</code>)，用于获取所需的资源。发起早期连接，包括DNS查找、TCP握手和可选的TLS协商，允许用户代理掩盖建立连接的高延迟成本。”</li> <li><code translate="no" class="notranslate">预取()</code>: "标识下一个导航可能需要的资源，以及用户代理<em>应该</em>获取，这样用户代理可以在将来请求资源时提供更快的响应”。</li> <li><code translate="no" class="notranslate">prerender ()</code>: "标识下一个导航可能需要的资源，以及用户代理<em>应该</em>获取并执行，这样用户代理可以在稍后请求资源时提供更快的响应”。</li> </ul> <p>组件还支持发送与性能无关的HTTP链接和实现<a href="https://www.php-fig.org/psr/psr-13/" class="reference external" rel="external noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">PSR-13</a>标准。例如，任何<a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/dev/links.html" class="reference external" rel="external noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">HTML规范中定义的链接</a>：</p> <div translate="no" data-loc="5" class="notranslate codeblock codeblock-length-sm codeblock-html+twig codeblock-twig"> <div class="codeblock-scroll"> <pre class="codeblock-lines">1 2 3 4 5</pre> <pre class="codeblock-code"><code><span class="xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">头</span>></span><span class="hljs-comment"><！——……--></span><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">链接</span><span class="hljs-attr">rel</span>＝<span class="hljs-string">“替代”</span><span class="hljs-attr">href</span>＝<span class="hljs-string">＂</span></span></span><span class="hljs-template-variable">{{链接(' /索引。Jsonld '， 'alternate')}}</span><span class="xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-string">＂</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"><<span class="hljs-name">链接</span><span class="hljs-attr">rel</span>＝<span class="hljs-string">“样式表”</span><span class="hljs-attr">href</span>＝<span class="hljs-string">＂</span></span></span><span class="hljs-template-variable">{{预加载(/ app.css,{:“风格”,nopush:真正})}}</span><span class="xml"><span class="hljs-tag"><span class="hljs-string">＂</span>></span><span class="hljs-tag"></<span class="hljs-name">头</span>></span></span></code></pre> </div> </div> <p>前面的代码片段将导致这个HTTP头被发送到客户端:<code translate="no" class="notranslate">链接:< / index.jsonld >;rel = "替代",< / app.css >;rel = "预加载”;nopush</code></p> <p>你也可以直接从控制器和服务添加链接到HTTP响应:</p> <div translate="no" data-loc="24" class="notranslate codeblock codeblock-length-md codeblock-php"> <div class="codeblock-scroll"> <pre class="codeblock-lines">12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24</pre> <pre class="codeblock-code"><code><span class="hljs-comment">/ / src /控制器/ BlogController.php</span><span class="hljs-keyword">名称空间</span><span class="hljs-title">应用程序</span>＼<span class="hljs-title">控制器</span>；<span class="hljs-keyword">使用</span><span class="hljs-title">ob娱乐下载</span>＼<span class="hljs-title">包</span>＼<span class="hljs-title">FrameworkBundle</span>＼<span class="hljs-title">控制器</span>＼<span class="hljs-title">AbstractController</span>；<span class="hljs-keyword">使用</span><span class="hljs-title">ob娱乐下载</span>＼<span class="hljs-title">组件</span>＼<span class="hljs-title">HttpFoundation</span>＼<span class="hljs-title">请求</span>；<span class="hljs-keyword">使用</span><span class="hljs-title">ob娱乐下载</span>＼<span class="hljs-title">组件</span>＼<span class="hljs-title">连接</span>＼<span class="hljs-title">GenericLinkProvider</span>；<span class="hljs-keyword">使用</span><span class="hljs-title">ob娱乐下载</span>＼<span class="hljs-title">组件</span>＼<span class="hljs-title">连接</span>＼<span class="hljs-title">链接</span>；<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">类</span><span class="hljs-title">BlogController</span><span class="hljs-keyword">扩展</span><span class="hljs-title">AbstractController</span></span>｛<span class="hljs-keyword">公共</span><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">函数</span><span class="hljs-title">指数</span><span class="hljs-params">(请求<span class="hljs-variable"><span class="hljs-variable-other-marker">＄</span>请求</span>）</span></span>｛<span class="hljs-comment">//使用AbstractController提供的addLink()快捷方式</span><span class="hljs-variable"><span class="hljs-variable-other-marker">＄</span>这</span><span class="hljs-operator">-></span>通过addLink (<span class="hljs-variable"><span class="hljs-variable-other-marker">＄</span>请求</span>，<span class="hljs-keyword">新</span>链接(<span class="hljs-string">预加载的</span>，<span class="hljs-string">' / app.css '</span>));<span class="hljs-comment">//如果你不想使用addLink()快捷方式</span><span class="hljs-variable"><span class="hljs-variable-other-marker">＄</span>linkProvider</span>＝<span class="hljs-variable"><span class="hljs-variable-other-marker">＄</span>请求</span><span class="hljs-operator">-></span>属性<span class="hljs-operator">-></span>get (<span class="hljs-string">“_links”</span>，<span class="hljs-keyword">新</span>GenericLinkProvider ());<span class="hljs-variable"><span class="hljs-variable-other-marker">＄</span>请求</span><span class="hljs-operator">-></span>属性<span class="hljs-operator">-></span>集(<span class="hljs-string">“_links”</span>，<span class="hljs-variable"><span class="hljs-variable-other-marker">＄</span>linkProvider</span><span class="hljs-operator">-></span>withLink ((<span class="hljs-keyword">新</span>链接(<span class="hljs-string">预加载的</span>，<span class="hljs-string">' / app.css '</span>）)<span class="hljs-operator">-></span>withAttribute (<span class="hljs-string">“是”</span>，<span class="hljs-string">“风格”</span>)));<span class="hljs-keyword">返回</span><span class="hljs-variable"><span class="hljs-variable-other-marker">＄</span>这</span><span class="hljs-operator">-></span>呈现(<span class="hljs-string">'...'</span>）;}}</code></pre> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="doc-license"> 此工作，包括代码示例，是根据<a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">创作共用BY-SA 3.0</a>许可证。</div> </article> </section> </main> <div 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